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- $Unique_ID{BRK03600}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Chromosome 22 Ring}
- $Subject{Chromosome 22 Ring Ring 22 Ring 22 Chromosome Chromosomal Disorders}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 929:
- Chromosome 22 Ring
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chromosome 22 Ring) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Ring 22
- Ring 22, Chromosome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Chromosomal Disorders
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Chromosome 22 Ring is a rare chromosomal disorder in which the patient
- has a breakage of chromosome 22 at both ends, and the ends of the chromosome
- join together to form a ring. The amount of genetic material lost at the two
- ends of the chromosome can vary. As a result, a patient with very little
- absent genetic material may have no apparent symptoms while a patient with a
- significant part of the chromosomal ends missing may have many symptoms. The
- most apparent features of this disorder are mental retardation,
- incoordination of movement and muscle weakness.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chromosome 22 Ring is a rare chromosomal disorder in which the symptoms
- depend on the amount of genetic material lost on the small and long arms
- (ends) of the twenty-second chromosome. As a result, patients symptoms can
- vary greatly.
-
- The features seen most often in Chromosome 22 Ring are mental
- retardation, muscle weakness and incoordination of movement.
-
- Other symptoms that have been found in some patients with Chromosome 22
- Ring may be: a smaller than normal nose; a large rounded nose; large ears; a
- high arched palate of the roof of the mouth; widely spaced eyes; a vertical
- fold over the inner corner of the eye; and/or drooping eyelids.
-
- Symptoms that have been found in a few patients with Chromosome 22 Ring
- are: underdeveloped toenails; webbing of the fingers and toes (syndactyly);
- small eyes; long eyelashes; and heart defects.
-
- Causes
-
- Chromosome 22 Ring is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by a deletion of
- chromosome 22 at both ends and a joining of the ends to form a ring. The
- genetic material lost from the ends can vary from a small amount with few
- symptoms to a significant amount causing many symptoms. There is no apparent
- reason why this occurs. Most chromosomal deletions occur "de novo" which
- means that they occur very early in the development of the embryo. The
- parents of the affected child typically have normal chromosomes and a very
- low possibility of having another child with a chromosomal abnormality.
-
- A very small number of cases of Chromosome 22 Ring have been reported as
- occuring in more than one member of a family (familial).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Chromosome 22 Ring is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males more
- often than females. This disorder is usually detected at birth or during
- prenatal testing. There have been more than 40 cases of this disorder
- reported in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Chromosome 22
- Ring. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Many chromosomal disorders involving mental retardation have some
- features similar to Chromosome 22 Ring. The only way to determine which
- chromosomal disorder a patient has is through genetic testing. (For more
- information choose "mental retardation" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Patients with Chromosome 22 Ring and poor muscle tone may benefit from
- physical therapy. Special education and related services will be of benefit
- to children with this disorder.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chromosome 22 Ring, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Chromosome Deletion Outreach
- P.O. Box 164
- Holtsville, NY 11742
- (516) 736-6754
-
- Association for Retarded Citizens of the U.S.
- P.O. Box 6109
- Arlington, TX 76005
- (817) 640-0204
- (800) 433-0525
-
- NIH/National INstitute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 394.
-
- DELETED RING CHROMOSOME 22 IN A MENTALLY RETARDED BOY: K.H. Gustavson, et
- al.; Clin Genet (April, 1986, issue 29(4)). Pp. 337-41.
-
- RING CHROMOSOME 22: A CASE REPORT: C. Severien, et al.; Klin Padiatr
- (Nov-Dec, 1991, issue 203(6)). Pp. 467-9.
-
-